hnZym`ymkw
hnZym`ymk Øm]\§Ä
skâv sXtckmkv
1886
ð \nehnðh¶ hcm¸pg AXncq]XbpsS {]Ya sa{Xmt¸meo¯bmbncp¶p BÀ¨v _nj¸v setbm\mÀUv
sañms\m. At±l¯nsâ \nÀt±im\pkcWw ^mZÀ Im³UnUkv F¶ IÀ½eo¯ anj\dn sshZnI³
knÌÀ sSdnkv F¶ k\ymkn\nbpsS klIcWt¯msS 1887 ð s]¬Ip«nIÄ¡pthïn Øm]n¨
hnZymebamWv skâv sXtckmkv. Aeohnem skâv sXcokbpsS \mat[b¯nepff tImtfPn\v
75 hÀj¯ne[nIapÅ ]mc¼cyapïv. sIm¨nbnse BZyt¯Xpw tIcf¯nse cïmat¯Xpamb
h\nX tImtfPpamb sk³dv sXtckmkv 1925 emWv Bcw`n¨Xv. tkh\ iq{iqjm cwK¯v
kvXpXrÀlamb tkh\w ImgvN sh¨ aZÀ Unábmbncp¶p sXtckmknsâ BZy {]n³kn¸ð.
skâv Bð_ÀSvkv
1892
s^{_phcn H¶mw XnbXn Xp¼]d¼v F¶dnbs¸«ncp¶ kYe¯mWv Hcp ss{]adn hnZymebw
XpS§n. skâv Bð_À«vkv tImtfPv F¶ Iemeb¯nsâ {]ikvXnbnð F¯n \nð¡pIbmWv
C¶v Xp¼]d¼v. 31 hnZymÀ°nItfmSp IqsS XpS§nb ss{]adn hnZymebw Xs¶bmWv
C¶s¯ skâv Bð_ÀSvkv sslkvIqÄ, skâv Bð_ÀSvkv tImtfPv F¶o Øm]\§fmbn amdnbncn¡p¶Xv.
BÀ¨v _nj¸v sesbm\mÀ[v B¬Ip«nIfpsS hnZym`ymk¯n\mbn 1892 emWv skâv BÀ_ÀSvkv
sslkvIqÄ Øm]n¨Xv. tKmYnIv inev]IemssienbnemWv skâv Bð_ÀSvkv kvIqÄ sI«nS§Ä
\nÀ½n¨ncn¡p¶Xv. 1946 Pqsse 16 \v skâv Bð_ÀSvkv sslkvIqfnsâ sI«nS§fnembn
skâv Bð_ÀSvkv tImtfPv {]hÀ¯\amcw`n¨p. sIm¨n \nbak` kv]o¡dmbncp¶p Fw
Fð ss]enbmbncp¶p Bð_ÀSvknsâ BZy {]n³kn¸ð .
sIm¨n³ tImtfPv
1967
Pqsse 15 \mWv sIm¨n³ tImtfPv Øm]n¨Xv. C´y³ tNw_À Hm^v sImtagvknsâ a«mt©cn
ap³kn¸ð Iu¬knð cp]oIcn¨ sIm¨n³ FUpt¡j³ skmsskänbmWv sIm¨n³ tImtfPv cq]oIcW¯n\v
ap³ssI FSp¯Xv. sIm¨n {]tZis¯ hnZym`ymk D¶a\w e£yam¡n XpS§nbH¶mWv sIm¨n³
tImtfPv. {]n³kn¸epw AUvan\n kvt{Säohv kanXnbpamWv tImtfPv `cWw \S¯p¶Xv.
]n kn tPmÀPv, BhnInenImÀ F¶nhcmbncp¶p BZyIme {]n³kn¸ðamÀ. sIm¨n³ tImÀ¸tdjsâ
Øe¯mWv C¶s¯ tImtfP.v \Kck`m tabdpw sU]yq«n tabdpw tImtfPv amt\Pvsaânð
]¦mfnIfmbncn¡pw .
AIzn\mkv tImtfPv þ CSs¡m¨n
1981 ð t^mÀ«psIm¨nbnemWv AIzn\mkv {]hÀ¯\w Bcw`n¡p¶Xv. tXm¸pw]Sn apXð
tNÀ¯e hscbpff ]nt¶m¡ taJebnse hnZym`ymk¯n\pff Øm]\amWv AIzn\mkv tImtfPv.
tUm ]n. Fw tPmk^v Bbncp¶p AIzn\mknsâ BZy {]n³kn¸ð .
Fkv. F¨v. tImtfPv tXhc . (tk{IUv lmÀ«v tImtfPv tXhc)
kn.
Fw. sF k` D¶X hnZym`ymk cwK¯v kz´amb Hcp Øm]\w F¶ e£yt¯msS dh : ^mZÀ
tPm¬ s_ÀIvam³ , ^m {^m³knkv skbnð F¶nhcpsS t\XyXz¯nembncp¶p tXhc tImtfPnsâ
XpS¡w. 1944 Pq¬ 16mw XobXn tImtfPv {]hÀ¯\w XpS§n. dh ^mZÀ ]oäÀ tXmakv
Bbncp¶p BZy {]n³kn¸ð . B¬Ip«nIÄ¡p am{Xambncp¶ tImtfPv C¶v anIvkUv tImtfPmWv.
cmjv{Sob cwK¯pw hnZym`ymk cwK¯pw {]ikvXcmb ]etcbpw Cu tImtfPv kw`mh\
sNbvXn«pïv.
FdWmIpfw tem tImtfPv
1874 ð lnkv ssl\kv tImtfPnt\mSv tNÀ¶v Hcp \nba ]T\ hn`mKw XpS§m³ XncphnXmwIqÀ
almcmPmhv Xocpam\n¨p. aZncmin kÀÆIemimebpsS \nba ]co£sbgpXm³ DtZymKmÀ°nIÄ¡v
Xncph\´]pc¯v kuIcysamcp¡pI F¶ e£yt¯msSbmbncp¶p CXv. 1894 ð \nba ]T\
hn`mKw {]hÀ¯\w Bcw`n¨p. 1894 ð lnkv ssl\kv, "Zn almcmPm tem tImtfPv
' F¶ t]cnð XncphnXmwIqÀ almcmPmhnsâ t\cn«pff \nb{´W¯nð kzX{´ NpaXebpff
Hcp tImtfPmbn CXv amdn. XncphnXmwIqÀ sslt¡mSXnPUvPnbmbncp¶ U»bp. än
. F. tImkv_nbmbncp¶p BZy {]n³kn¸ð.1931 ð a{Zmkv kÀÆIemimebpsS \nÀt±i{]Imcw
aphph³ kabhpw {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ tem tImtfPv Bbn amdn. kwØm\ ]p\:kwLS\tbmsS XncphnXmwIqÀ
þ sIm¨n³ sslt¡mSXns¡m¸w almcmPmkv tem tImtfPpw FdWmIpft¯¡p amän. 1957
ð tIcf kÀÆIemimebpsS Iognepw 1983 apXð almßmKmÔn kÀÆIemimebpsS ]cn[nbnepamWv
{]hÀ¯n¡p¶Xv.
almcmPmkv
1845
ð Znhm³ i¦chmcycpsS Ime¯v XpS§nbXmWv F¨v Fkv Zn cmPmkv. F^v Fkv koen
F¶ Cw¥ojpImc³ 1865 ð kv¡qfnsâ {]n³kn¸embn. 1870 ð kvIqÄ C¶s¯ P\dð sse{_dn
sI«nS¯nte¡v amän. i¦p®n tat\m³ Znhm\mbt¸mÄ kv¡qÄ tImtfPm¡n DbÀ¯n. A§s\
1875 ð FdWmIpfw tImtfPv Øm]nXambn. As¡mñw Xs¶ F^v F ¢mkv Bcw`n¨p. Cu
F^v F ¢mkmWv ]n¶oSv CâÀaoUnbäpw {]oUn{Knbpambn amdnbXv. 1899 ð {]n³kn¸embn
h¶ {Iq¡v jm¦v koen ]pXnb sI«nSw ]WnIgn¸n¨p. 1925 ð kphÀWPq_nen BtLmjn¨t¸mgmWv
tImtfP\n\v almcmPmkv F¶v ]p\À\maIcWw sNbvXXv. 18 `mjIÄ Adnbmambncp¶
F³ hn cmakzman A¿À F¶ alm]WvUnX\S¡w Ht«sd {]Kð`sc sIm¨n¡p ]cnNbs¸Sp¯nb
Øm]\amWv almcmPmkv. bp. BÀ sh¦ntSizc¿cmbncp¶p BZys¯ C´y³ {]n³kn¸ð .
Ipkmäv .( sIm¨n³ bqWnthgvknän Hm^v kb³kv Bâv sSIvt\mfPn )
1971 emWv sIm¨n kÀÆIemime cq]oIcn¨Xv. imkv{X kmt¦XnI hmWnPy hyhkmb ]T\
imJIfpsS _ncpZm\´c KthjWXe¯nepff hnZym`ymk¯nsâ hfÀ¨ F¶ e£yt¯msS 1971
emWv sIm¨n kÀÆIemime cq]oIcn¨Xv. AXn\pap¼v tIcf kÀÆIemimebpsS FdWmIpfw
tI{µamWv ChnsSbpïmbncp¶Xv. 1986 emWv sIm¨n imkv{X kmt¦XnI kÀÆ Iemimebmbn
DbÀ¯s¸«Xv. s{]m tPmk^v apïtÈcnbmbncp¶p kÀÆIemimebpsS BZys¯ sshkv Nm³keÀ,
imkv{X kmt¦XnI hnjb§Ä¡mWv kÀÆIemime Du¶ð sImSp¯ncn¡p¶Xv. C¶v hntZi `mjm
hIp¸pIÄ kÀÆIemimebnepïv. BsI Ccp]¯n Gtgmfw kÀÆIemimebpsS Iognepïv. 180
G¡dnð ]c¶p InS¡p¶ Iym¼knð \n¶v Atacn¡bpambn klIcn¨v ÌpUâvkv FIvkvtN©v
]cn]mSnIfpw \S¸nem¡p¶pï.v
BÀ. Fð. hn . Xy¸qWn¯pd
cm[me£an
hnemkw tImtfPv Hm^v ayqknIv Bâv C³Ìnäyq«v Hm^v ss^³ BÀSvkv sIm¨nbpsS
IemtIZmcamWv. kwKoXtemI¯v sh¶ns¡mSn ]mdn¨ sI. sP. tbiqZmknð XpS§n ]e
kwKoX {]Xn`Ifpw BÀ. Fð . hn bpsS k´XnIfmWv. tIcf hÀ½ cmPmhnsâ Ime¯v
At±l¯nsâ ]Xv\nbmb tImtem¯v e£van¡p«n t\Xymc½ ap³ ssI FSp¯mWv Cu Iem
]T\tI{µw Øm]n¨Xv. e£anIp«nb½bpsS CfbaIfmb cm[bpsS t]À tImÀ¯nW¡nbmWv
cm[me£an hnemkw F¶ t]À kzoIcn¨Xv. XpS¡w ss^³ BÀSvkv kv¡qÄ F¶ \nebnembncp¶p.
1942 ð tIcfhÀ½ cmPmhmbt¸mÄ sIm¨n Kh¬saâv BÀ Fð hn GsäSp¯p. 1956 ð Øm]\w
kÀ¡mcn\p ssIamdn ]n¶oSv BÀ. Fð. hn kwKoX A¡mZan cq]oIcn¨p. 1998 ð almßmKmÔn
bqWnthgvknänbpsS A^entbj³ e`n¡pIbpw _ncpZ _ncpZm\´c tImgvkpIÄ Bcw`n¡pIbpw
sNbvXp .
`mcXob hnZym`h³
1970
BKÌv 17mw XnbXn `mcXob hnZym`h³ tIcf tI{µ¯n\v lcn{io Ipdn¨Xv. NnäqÀ
tdmUnse hmSI sI«nS¯nemWv hnZym`h³ Bcw`n¨Xv. hnZym`hsâ 14mw aXv tI{µambncp¶
CXv 1972 ð Sn. Un tdmUnte¡v amän Øm]n¨p. kwKoXw, kwkvIyXw,KoX F¶nhbpw,tPÀWenkw,amÀ¡änwKv
F¶nhbnð ]nPn Unt¹ma ¢mkpIfpw ChnsSbpïv. C³Ukv{Snb³ dntej³, ]»nIv dntej³
, AUzÀssSknwKv F¶nhbnð ]nPn Unt¹mabpw \S¯nhcp¶p. sIm¨n \Kc¯nð At©mfw
{][m\ kv¡pfpIÄ `mcXob hnZym`h\v C¶pïv. sIm¨nbnse hnZym`h³ kap¨b¯nsâ
Øm]I sk{I«dnbmWv BÀ hmkptZh³ ]nff .
Nn\vabm hnZymebw
1971 ð hSpXebnemWv Nn\va hnZymebw XpS§nbXv Nn\vabm\µ kzmanIfpsS A\p{KlminÊpItfmsS
XpS§nb Cu Øm]\w AXym[p\nI kuIcy§tfmsS kn _n Fkv C AwKoImct¯msS {]hÀ¯n¡p¶p.
Iem`ncpNnbpff hnZymÀ°nIÄ¡p thïn `mcXmÀ¨\ F¶ Hcp hn`mKw ChnsS {]hÀ¯n¡p¶pïv.
IYIfn, IÀWmSnIv kwKoXw F¶o IeIÄ¡v ChnsS ]cnioe\w \ðIp¶pïv. tImtfPv hn`mKamb
'Nn\vabm hnZym ]oTw' FdWmIpfw hmcnbw sse\nð {]hÀ¯n¡p¶p .
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