hyànIÄ
Sn]v
tSm]v Akokv : ( t^mÀ«psIm¨n )
{]aqJ
lmky\mSI cNbnXmhpw \S\pw kwhn[mbI\pambncp¶ Akokv " Sn]v tSm]v " F¶ \mSI
kwL¯n\p cq]w \ðInbtXmsSbmWv Sn]v tSm]v Akokv F¶dnbs¸Sm³ XpS§nbXv . 1954
apXemWv At±lw t{]m^jWð \mSI cwKt¯¡v IS¡p¶Xv . {]kn² KmbI³ tbipZmknsâ
]nXmhv AKÌn³tPmk^v t\XyXzw \ðInbncp¶ sIm¨n³ {UamänIv Atkmkntbj\pambn
_Ôs¸«mWv Akokv s{]m^jWð\mSI cwKs¯¯nbXv . "\n§Äs¡mcs¡ imIp´fw aXn " caWsâ
acWw " " F\n¡p KpkvXn ]Tnt¡ï " " Aemhp±o\pw AZv`pXhpw " "Kpcphpw injycpw"
"alm_en¡pw aXnbmbn" XpS§n Ccp]tXmfw lmky \mSI§Ä cNn¨n«pðïv. ]n. F. tXmaknsâ
tIcf IemkanXn , BÀ«nÌv ]n. sP. sNdnbmsâ tkhv C´y Xobtägvkv ,]n. sP Xobtägvkv
{ioaqe\Kcw hnPbsâ hnPb Xobtägvkv XpS§nb \mSI kwL§fnð klIcn¨p {]hÀ¯n¨n«pïv
. _lpZqÀ kvamcI AhmÀUv tIcf kwKoX \mSI A¡mZanbpsS Kpcp ]qP F¶o ]pckvImc§Ä¡v
AÀl\mbn. sIm¨nbnse ]gbIme ^pSv t_mÄ SoapIfnepw AwKambncp¶p . ]n. F.
_¡dnsâ "Nm¸" tPm¬ F{_lmansâ " A½ Adnbm³ " XpS§nb kn\naIfnepw A`n\bn¨n«pïv
.
s{]m^kÀ
BÀ .sI. dmhp .
sIm¨n
kzmX{´ kac tk\m\nbpw _lp`mjm ]ÞnX\pw tI{µ kmlnXy A¡mZan AhmÀUv tPXmhpw
skâv Bð_ÀSvkv tImtfPv dn« : s{]m^kdpambncp¶p BÀ. sI. dmhp .sIm¦Wn `mjbnð
12 ]pkvXI §Ä cNn¨n«pïv . Xncp¡pdÄ Úm\¸m\ F¶o {KÙ§Ä sIm¦Wnbnte¡v hnhÀ¯\w
sNbvXn«pïv . tIcf¯nð BZyIme¯v hn[h hnhmlw \S¯n kmaqlnI ]cnjvIcW {]Øm\¯nð
]¦mfnbmbn«pïv . kzmX{´kac¯nsâ `mKambn Ggpamkw _mw¥qcnð Pbnð hmkw A\p`hn¨n«pïv
. sIm¦Wn `mjm C³Ìnäyq«v DÄs¸sS \nch[n kwL S\IfpsS kmcYnbmbn {]hÀ¯n¨n«pïv
. `mjm \yq\]£ I½oj\nð A©phÀjw sIm¦Wn `mjbpsS {]Xn\n[n bmbncp¶n«pïv .aebmf
kmlnXys¯ sIm¦Wn kwkmcn¡p¶ hÀ¡p ]cnNbs¸Sp¯n sImSp¡p¶Xnð {]^ : dmhp hnsâ
]¦v hepXmbncp¶p . ssh¡w apl½Zv _jodnsâ GXmïv Fñm cN\Ifpw tKmhbnð \n¶nd§p¶
PmKv amkn Ibnð {]^ : dmhp XpSÀ¡Ybmbn {]kn±oIcn¨ncp¶p .
PÌnkv
hn. BÀ. IyjvW¿À .
\mev]¯nb©p hÀj§Ä¡p ap¼v tIcf sslt¡mSXnbnð A`n`mjI hy¯ns¡¯nbXmWv hn.
BÀ. IyjvW¿À . ]ncn¨phnSs¸« BZy I½yqWnÌv a{´nk`bnse \nba a{´nbmbncp¶p.
PÌokv IyjvW¿À 1980 ð kp{]ow tImSXnbnð \n¶v hncan¨Xn\p tijw hoïpw sIm¨nbnð
ØncXmakam¡n .
]\¼nffn tKmhnµtat\m³ (1908 þ 1970)
{]aqJ cmjv{Sob t\Xmhpw ]mÀesaâdnb\pamb ]\¼nffn tKmhnµ tat\m³ Nme¡pSnbnemWv
P\n¨ sX¦nepw PohnX¯nsâ Gdnb Iqdpw FdWmIpf¯mbncp¶p . \nba_ncpZw t\Sn
{]mIvSokv Bcw`n¨ tKmhnµ tat\m³ sshImsX FdWmIpfs¯¯n . ssh¡w kXym{Kl Ime¯pXs¶
At±lw cmjv{Sob {]hÀ¯\¯nð kPohambncp¶p . 1935 epw 1939 epw sIm¨n \nbak`bnte¡v
XncsªSp¡s¸«p . 1942 ð Iznäv C´ym kacs¯Xp SÀ¶pff t]meokv aÀ±\¯nð {]Xntj[n¨v
\nbak`bnð \n¶v cmPnsh¨p . XpSÀ¶v AdÌp sN¿s¸« tKmhnµ tat\m³ Pbnðhmkhpw
A\p`hn¨p . kzmX´ym\´cw sIm¨nbnse {][m\a{´nbmbn . 1954 ð tIm¬{Kkv ]mÀ«n
t\Xmhpw {]Xn]£ t\Xmhpambn. 1955 ð Xncp þ sIm¨n apJya{´nbmbn. 1962 epw
1967 epw temIvk`mwKambn.
\nbaa{´nsb¶ \nebnð _m¦v tZikmð¡cW¯n\v \S]Sn kzoIcn¨p . sXmgnð a{´nbmbncnt¡
an\naw thPv _nñv sImïph¶p . hnZym`ymk a{´nbmbncn¡pt¼mÄ FbvUvkv kvIqfnse
A[ym]IÀ¡v kÀ¡mÀ t\cn«v i¼fw \ðIm³ Xocpam\n¨p . sI. ]n. kn. kn. AwKw
, tIcf {KÙimem kwLw {]knUïv , ^n\m³kv I½oj³ AwKw XpS§n \nch[n Øm\§Ä
hln¨n«pïv . tI{µa{´n k`mwKambncn¡pt¼mÄ 62þmw hbÊnð A´cn¨p
F. Fw. tXmakv
PohnX¯nsâ hn`n¶ taJeIfnð hyànap{Z ]Xn¸n¨ .F. Fw. tXmakv `mcX¯nsâ BZyIme
{][m\ a{´namcmbncp¶ s\lvdp , imkv{Xn , CµncmKmÔn F¶nhcpambn ASp¯nS]gIm\pw
AhcpsS a{´nk`Ifnð AwKamIm\pw Ignª A]qÀÆw aebmfnIfnð HcmfmWv . km[mcW
IÀjIpSpw_¯nð \n¶v tZiob cmjv{Sob \ncbnse¯nb At±lw \nba hnZymÀ°nbmbncn¡pt¼mÄ
KmÔnPnbpsS Blzm\{]Imcw a{Zmkv bqWnthgv knänbnð ¢mÊv _lnjvIcW¯n\pw {]Xntj[
{]IS\§Ä¡pw t\XyXzw \ðIn . ]T\¯n\ptijw tIcf sslt¡mSXnbnð A`n`mjI\mbn
{]mIvSokv XpS§n . At±ls¯ kPoh cmjv{Sob¯nte¡v \bn¨Xv sI. ]n. am[h³ \mbcpw
]\¼nffn tKmhnµ tat\m\pw Bbncp¶p .
{]PmaÞe¯nsâ {]hÀ¯\hpambn apt¼m«pt]mb F. Fw. tXmakv . 1948 þð sIm¨n \nbak`mwKambn
. Xncp sIm¨n .kwtbmP\t¯msS k`bpsS kv]o¡dpambn . FdWmIpfw temIvk`m aÞe¯nð
\n¶v Fw. ]n. tat\ms\ tXmð]n¨p sImïmWv 1952 ð BZyambn . F. Fw. tXmakv
.Fw. ]n. bmIp¶Xv XpSÀ¶v 57 epw 62 epw FdWmIpfs¯ {]Xn\n[oIcn¨p . 57 se
s\lvdp a{´nk`bnð Irjn hIp¸nse D]a{´nbmb tXmakv 62 ð kl a{´nbmbn . 64
se CµncmKmÔn a{´n k`bnð {]Xntcm[ hIp¸v kla{´nbmbncp¶p.
1967 apXð 71 hsc Bkvt{Senbbnð C´y³ ssl¡½ojWdmbncp¶p F. Fw. tXmakv .
B{^n¡³ cmPy§fmb kmw_nbbnepw t_mSvkzm\bnepw `mcX¯nsâ {]Xn\n[nbmbncp¶p
" B{^n¡³ KmÔn " F¶v sI¶¯v IuÞv hntijn¸n¨ F. Fw. tXmakv \bX{´ taJebnepw
Xsâ Ignhv sXfnbn¨p .
JmZn hntñPv Bâv C³Ukv{Sokv I½ojsâ sNbÀam\mbn 1976 ð \nbanX\mb At±lw
77 ð sIm¨n³ dnss^\dnbpsS sNbÀam\mbn . FdWmIpfw KmÔn `hsâ {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡v
t\XyXzw \evIn.`mcXob hnZym`hsâ {]hÀ¯\§fnepw kPohambncp¶p.
sNmÆc ]ctaizc³
{]Kð`\mb ]{X{]hÀ¯I³ kmlknI\mb kact\Xmhv Cf¡anñm¯ ZmÀi\nI³ kmaqly]cnjvIÀ¯mhv
sXmgnemfnIfpsS DäN§mXn anIhpä ]cn`mjI³ F¶o hntij§Ä Fñmw H¯p tNÀ¶XmWv
sNmÆc]ctaizc³. amXr`qanteJI\mbncp¶p sNmÆc. 1942 ð ap³apJya{´n kn ANypXtat\ms\m¸w
XShnð Ignªn«pïv. ap«phscbpÅ Hcp tXmÀ¯v [cn¨p\S¡p¶ sNmÆcsb sNmÆcKmÔn
F¶mWv hnfn¨ncp¶Xv. ]{X{]hÀ¯IÀ¡v \nba]cambn e`nt¡ï AhImi§Ä hm§nsImSp¡p¶Xnð
ap³ssI FSp¯ t\XmhmWv At±lw. ]{X{]hÀ¯I{]Øm\¯n\v kwLS\ sI«n¸Sp¡p¶Xnð {][m\]¦phln¨
sNmÆc sXmgnemfnIfpsS DäN§mXnbmbncp¶p. X\n¡v FXncmb tIkv kzbw hmZn¨p
Pbn¨p.
cmwPn
sI F³ cmaN{µ³ F¶ cmwPn Cw¥ojv `mjbnð sshZKvZyw DÅ ]{X{]hÀ¯I\mbncp¶p.
\nba\D¯chnsâ IqsS cmPn¡¯pIqSn t]m¡änð IcpXn tPmen¡phcp¶ cmwPn C´y³ FIvkv{]Êv
Ìm^v teJI\mbncp¶p. AXn\pap¼v »nävkv, en¦v, ]m{Snbäv F¶o {]apJ hmcnIfnepw
]{X§fnepw tPmen sNbvXn«pïv. "tIcf anÊe\n' F¶ cmwPnbpsS tImfw P\{i² ]nSn¨p]änb
H¶mWv. sNss¶bnð \n¶pÅ t{_mUvth ssSwknepw sIm¨nbnð \n¶pÅ sIm¨n³ hn³tUmbnepw
At±lw tPmen \m¡nbn«pïv. cïv {]kn²oIcW§fpsSbpw FUnädmbncp¶p. Nn{XImc\pw
IemhnaÀiI\pw Bbncp¶p cmwPn. aZncmin efnXIem A¡mZan sk{I«dnbmbpw {]hÀ¯n¨n«pïv.
tPm¬am¼nÅn
tÌävkvam³ k¬tU ssSwkv XpS§nb ]{X§fnð {]hÀ¯n¨ tijamWv 1935 ð ae_mÀ sldmÄUnsâ
]{Xm[n]cmbXv. hmÄkv{Soäv F¶p hntijn¸n¡mhp¶ t^mÀ«vsIm¨n tdmkv kv{Soänð
\n¶v sIm¨n³ BÀKkv F¶ t]cnð Hcp ]{Xw Cd§nbncp¶p. AXnð tPmen sNbvX A\p`hhpambmWv
ae_mÀ slmdmÄUv hmÀ¯mhmcnI C«p¸v am¼nÅn F¶ ]{Xm[n]À Cd¡nbXv. {_n«ojv
`cWIme¯v A[nImcnIfpambn Gäpap«nsImïv ae_mÀ slmtdmÄUv F¶ ]{Xhpw ]{Xm[n]cpw
apt¶m«p\o§n. aI\mb tPm¬ am¼nÅnbnepw Aenªp tNÀ¶Xv Cu khntijXIÄ Xs¶bmbncp¶p.
tZiob sFIyw, t£{X{]thi\w, kzmX{´ {]Øm\§tfmSpÅ B`napJyw, kmaqlykaXzw
F¶nhbv¡v Du¶ð \ðInbmWv Cu Cw¥ojv hmcnI Cd¡nbncp¶Xv. sIm¨n XpdapJhpw
hnIk\hpw F¶pw slmdmÄUnsâ hnjambncp¶p. 3000 ð ]cw apJ{]kwK§Ä X¿mdm¡nbn«pÅ
tPm¬ 1948 ð t^mÀ«psIm¨n ap³kn¸ð Iu¬knð AwKambncp¶p. 1943 ð AJnte´ym
\yqkv t]¸À FUntägvkv tIm¬^d³knð tIcfs¯ {]Xn\n[oIcn¨p ]s¦Sp¯p. Xangv\m«nð
\n¶v Cd§nbncp¶ "\yqeoUÀ']{Xw aqeym[njvTnX ]{X{]hÀ¯\¯n\v anI¨ kw`mh\
\ðInbXn\v 1996 ð am¼nÅn¡v AhmÀUv \ðIpIbpïmbn.
]n sI C«q¸v
apJ{]kwKsagp¯v {]km[I¡pdn¸pIÄ, dnt¸mÀ«n§v, t]Pvkwhn[m\w, XÀÖa, {]q^vdoUnwKv
F¶n§s\ ]{X{]hÀ¯nsâ FñmtaJeIfnepw {]KZv`\mbcp¶p ]n sI C«p¸v. FdWmIpfw
AXncq]XbpsS kXyZo]w ]{X¯n\p kl]{Xm[n]cmbn 20 cq] i¼f¯n\v \nbanX\mbn.
FdWmIpfw BÀ¨v _nj¸v tUm AKÌn³ Iï¯nensâ sa{Xm`ntjI Pq_nen kvamcIambn
ae_mÀ sabn³ Zn\¸{Xw XpS§nbtXmsS C«p¸v AXnð \nbanX\mbn. sFkIv cmPnh¨Xns\
XpSÀ¶v sabnensâ ]{Xm[n]cmbn. bp²Ime¯v C´ymKh¬saânsâ anenädn CâenP³kv
hn`mK¯nð I½oj³kv Hm^okdmbn {]hÀ¯n¨n«pïv. Xncn¨ph¶ At±lw sabnen\p]pdsa
aebmfat\mca, tKmaXn F¶o]{X§Ä¡pthïnbpw hmÀ¯IÄ \ðInbncp¶p. tImSXnIfnse
hnNmcWthfbnð hniZamb dnt¸mÀ«v X¿mdm¡n ]{X§Ä¡p\ðIp¶Xnð {]mKð`yw ImWn¨ncp¶
]{X{]hÀ¯I\mbncp¶p C«q¸v.
hn F Pbnwkv
"kXy\mZ'¯nsâ ]{Xm[n]cmbncp¶ hn.F hÀ¡nbpsS aI\mWv hn.F Pbnwkv a{Zmkv
sabnð, ssSwkv Hm^v C´y, C´y³ FIvkv{]Êv, HmÄ C´y tdUntbm F¶nhnS§nembn
\mep]Xnämïp\oï {]hÀ¯\ambncp¶p At±l¯nsâXv. ]mem_m¦nsâ enIzntUj³ a{Zmkv
sabnensâ sIm¨n teJI\mbncp¶ Ime¯v At±l¯n\pIn«nb {][m\ kvIq¸v Bbncp¶p.
]«w XmWp]nÅbpsS Ime¯v FSp¯ Hcp clky Xncpam\hpw Pbnwknsâ asämcp kvIq¸v
Bbncp¶p. 1999 ð IeqcnepÅ hkXnbnð h¨v Pbnwkv A´cn¨p.
Sn.kn. tKm]me³
"ktlmZc'\neqsS ]{X {]hÀ¯\w XpS§n. tIcfIuapZn sIm¨n teJI\mbn ZoÀL\mÄ
{]hÀ¯n¨p. H¼Xmw ¢mÊnð ]Tn¡pt¼mÄ an{it`mP\¯nsâ t]cnð aäp 12 hnZymÀ°nIÄs¡m¸w
Sn.kn tKm]me\pw tImSXn Ibdn. a«mt©cnbnð \n¶v Hcp I¼\nbpsS t]cnð ‘ktlmZc³’
{]kn²oIcn¨t¸mÄ tKm]me³ AXnð ¢À¡mbn tNÀ¶p. ]n¶oSv AXnsâ apJy\S¯n¸pImc\mbn.
FdWmIpf¯p\n¶v ktlmZc³’ {]kn²s¸Sp¯p¶Xn\nSbnemWv A¿¸³ a{´nbmbXv. C¡me¯v
tKm]me³ ‘ktlmZc’ sâ ]{Xm[n]Xyw GsäSp¯p. ]n¶oSv ktlmZc³ {]k²oIcWw \nÀ¯nbt¸mÄ
tKm]me³ tIcfIuapZnbnð tkh\w XpSÀ¶p.
Fw kn Ipcphnf
{InkvXy³ anj\dnamÀ ]pd¯nd¡nb “]ÝnaXmcI” F¶ ]{X¯neqsSbmWv XpS¡w. 1930
ItfmsS Cu taJebnð {it²bamb Øm\w ssIhcn¨p. Znhmsâ ZpÀ`cW¯ns\Xnsc i_vZn¨Xn\v
at\mcasb \ntcm[n¨kab¯v tIcf`qjWnð Ipsdt]À Ibdn]än. A¶v Ipcphnf Hcp XpS¡¡mc³
am{Xambncp¶p. 1942 ð ]{X¯nsâ sIm¨n dnt¸mÀ«dmbn. hyXykvXhpw ]pXpa \ndªXpamb
hmÀ¯Ifmbncp¶p F¶p Ipcphnf¡v Xmev]cyw.
s]cp¶ sI F³ \mbÀ
Zo\_Ôp Zn\]{X¯nð tPmen sNbvXp. tIcf¯nse ]{X{]hÀ¯IkwLS\ sI«n¸Sp¯nb ]{X{]hÀ¯I\mWv
s]cp¶ sI F³ \mbÀ. 45 hÀj§Ä¡pap¼v sI ImÀ¯ntIb³, ]n hnizw`c³, Fð kn sFkIv,
sI.kn k¡dnb, s]cp¶ F¶o Hcp]äw kply¯p¡Ä tNÀ¶mWv XncpsIm¨nbnð kwLS\¡p
XpS¡w Ipdn¨Xv. C¶v PnñIÄ tXmdpw {]kv ¢_pIÄ {]hÀ¯n¡p¶p. H¶mw thPv t_mÀUv
cq]oIcW¯n\p ]n¶nð {]bXv\n¨ hyànbmWv s]cp¶ sI F³ \mbÀ. hmÀ¯mhnXcW {]t£]W
a{´nbmbncp¶ tUm._nhn tIkvIÀ 1955 ð ]mÀesaânehXcn¸n¨p ]mÊm¡nsbSp¯ hÀ¡nwKv
tPÀWenÌv _nñmWv C´ybnð ]{X{]hÀ¯IcpsS tkh\ thX\hyhØIÄ t{ImUoIcn¡p¶Xn\v
ASnØm\ambXv. Cu \nba¯nse hyhØb\pkcn¨mWv H¶mas¯ thX\t_mÀUv h¶Xv. ]{X{]hÀ¯IcpsS
AhImi§Ä¡pthïn s]mcpXn Pohn¨p. ]{X{]hÀ¯IÀ¡pthïn s]³j³ A\phZn¨Xnse {Iat¡SpIÄs¡Xnsc
tImSXn IbdpIbpw NbvXp. Hcp Ncn{Xmt\zjnbmbncp¶p s]cp¶. “aebmf]{X§fpsS
IY” s]cp¶bptSXmWv. At±l¯nsâ {][m\s¸« IrXnbmWv “sIm¨n cmPy{]PmaWvUew”.
]n F IrjvW³
Cñkvt{SäUv ho¡nenbpsS GPâvmbn tPment\m¡p¶Ime¯mWv ]{XcwKt¯¡v IS¶phcm³
IgnªXv. sNmÆc ]ctaizc\pw a{Zmkv sabnð am[h³ \mbcpw ]n F IrjvWs\ klmbn¨p.
A§s\ sIm¨n \nbk`bnð A{IUnäUv teJI\mbn {]thi\w In«n. a{Zmkv sabnð \n¶pw
XpS§n C´y³ FIvkv{]Ênte¡pw HSphnð lnµphnte¡pw At±lw tNt¡dn. lnµp kzman
F¶ hnfnt¸cnð Adnbs¸«ncp¶ lnµpteJI\mb ]n F IrjvW³ F¶ IrjvW¿À sIm¨nbnse¯p¶Xn\pap¼v
16 hÀjw ]eXcw Hm^okv tPmenbpw t\m¡nbn«pïv. ]{Xkt½f\§Ä kzmanbpsS hyànXzw
]pd¯pImWn¡p¶ cwK§fmbncp¶p.
