Bcm[\meb§Ä
]qÀW{Xboi t£{Xw
sIm¨n
cmP hwi¯nsâ IpessZh Øm\amWv ]qÀW{Xboi t£{X¯n\pÅXv. C´ybnse Xs¶ Gähpw
henb ]©teml hn{KlapÅ A¼eamWv CXv. hyÝnIamk¯nemWv ChnsS DÕhw \S¯p¶Xv.
tNmXn \mfnð sImSnIbdn XncpthmW¯n\v Bdm«v \S¯p¶p. Bdm«v XncpthmW Znhkw
Xs¶ thWsa¶v hfsc \nÀ_ÔapÅ ImcyamWv. F«p Znhkw \oïp\nð¡p¶ DÕhw tIcf¯nse
Xs¶ H¶mw Øm\w IcØam¡p¶ BtLmjamWv. Hcp Ime¯v \ne\n¶ncp¶ cmPIob ]mc¼cyw
hnfnt¨mXp¶ "Xrt¡« ]pd¸mSv "hfsc {][m\s¸« NS§mWv. sIm¨n³ tÌänð BZyambn
DÕh I½nän cq]w sImïXv Cu t£{X¯nemWv.
Xr¡m¡c almtZh t£{Xw
]cainh³ DÄs¸sS 12 D]{]XnjvTIfpÅ
Xr¡m¡c t£{X{]XnjvT \S¯nbXv ]cipcma\mWv F¶mWv k¦ev]w. F Un H³]Xmw \qämïpapXð
12þmw \qämïphsc DÅ cïmw tNckm{amPy¯nsâ ImeL«¯nð BWv Xr¡m¡c t£{Xw {]ikvXnbmÀPn¨X.v
C¶v FdWmIpfw PnñbpsS BØm\amWv Xr¡m¡c. IÀ¡nSI¯nse XncpthmW¯n\v sImSnIbdn
Nn§¯nse XncpthmW¯n\v sImSnbnd§p¶ 28 Znhks¯ DÕhambncp¶p ]ïv ChnsS \S¶ncp¶Xv.
A¯¯nsâ DÕhw \S¯nbncp¶Xv s]cpw¼S¸pw s\Snbncn¸pw tNÀ¶mbncp¶p. cmP`cWw
Ahkm\n¨tXmsS DÕhw10 Znhkam¡n Ipd¨p. Nn§amk¯nse A¯w apXð XncpthmWw hscbmWXv.
HmW¡mgvN, ]q¸d XncpthmW kZy, DÕh¯n\v IYIfn, Iq¯v, ]mTIw F¶nhsbñmw C¶s¯
ImgvNIfmWv.
]ffqcp¯n {io`hm\oizc t£{Xw
{io\mcmbW Kpcp {]XnjvT\S¯nb Hcp
t£{XamWv ]ffqcp¯n {io `hm\oizc t£{Xw. \thm°m\ ]cn{ia§fpsS `mKambn«mWv
1905 ð ' {io[Àa ]cn]me\ tbmKw ' cq]w sImïXv. {io\mcmbW Kpcphnsâ \nÀt±im\pkcWambncp¶p
AXv. ]¯phÀj¯n\ptijw {io`hm\oizc t£{X¯nð {io\mcmbW Kpcp inhenwK {]XnjvT
\S¯n.
Úmt\mZbw k`
kmaqlnI ]cnjvIÀ¯mhmb ]Þnäv Idp¸³,
]ffqcp¯n tI{µoIcn¨v aÕysXmgnemfnIfpsS kwLS\ cq]oIcn¡p¶Xn\v ap³ssI FSp¯p.
]nt¶m¡w \nð¡p¶ aÕysXmgnemfn kaql¯n\v t\XyXzw sImSp¯psImïv CSs¡m¨nbnð
]ÞnävIdp¸³ Øm]n¨XmWv " Úmt\mZbw k` ".
XncpaetZhkzw t£{Xw
KuV kmckzXcpsS tIcf¯nse Gähpw {][m\
t£{XamWv FdWmIpfs¯ XncpaetZhkzw t£{Xw. k¼¯nsâ A[n]\mb hnjvWp, Xncp¸Xn
sh¦nSmNe¯nsâ {]Xncq]¯nð ChnsS IpSnsImÅp¶p F¶p hnizkn¡p¶p. Hcn¡ð t£{XZÀi\w
\S¯nb XncphnXmw IqÀ almcmPmhv tim`sNmcnbp¶ hn{Kls¯ acXI¸¨ F¶p hnfn¨Xv
hfsc {]ikvXamWv. F«pZnhkw \oïp\nð¡p¶XmWv ChnSps¯ DÕhw. ImgvNiothenbpw
cYbm{Xbpw Ahkm\ Znhks¯ h©nsbSp¸pw {]kn²§fmb BNmc§fmWv. t£{X hmZy§fI¼SnbmIp¶
KcpVhml\ Fgp¶ffn¸v hntijs¸«XmWv.
inht£{Xw
FdWmIpfw \Kc¯nð sIm¨n Imben\`napJambn
ØnXn sN¿p¶ {]kn²amb t£{XamWv FdWmIpfw inht£{Xw. 385 hÀjsa¦nepw ]g¡w
IW¡m¡p¶ Cu t£{Xw FdWmIpfsa¶ t]cpambn _Ôs¸«pInS¡p¶p. Xangnð " Cdb\mÀ
"F¶mð inh³ F¶mWÀ°w. ChnsS {]Nmc¯nencp¶ Xangv `mjm t£{Xw Ccp¶ Øes¯ Cdb\mÀ
Ipfsa¶p hnfn¨psh¶pw AXptem]n¨v FdWmIpfambn F¶p Ncn{XImc³amÀ NqïnImWn¡p¶p.
aIcamk¯nemWv 8 Znhkw \oïp\nð¡p¶ DÕhw.
FdWmIpfw AXncq]X . ( kndnb³ ]mc¼cyw )
11þmw ]obqkv amÀ¸m¸ " sdmam\n s]m´n
ss^kkv "F¶ {]Jym]\w hgnbmWv ae_mÀ lbcmÀ¡n Øm]n¡p¶Xv. AtXmsS FdWmIpfw
hnImcnb¯v AXncq]Xbmbn. {]Ya BÀ¨v _nj¸v AKÌn³ Iï¯nð Bbncp¶p. hcm¸pg AXncq]XbpsS
`mKambncp¶ kpdnbm\n¡msc BZyw tIm«bw XriqÀ hnImcnb¯pIfmbn hn`Pn¨p. 1896
ð Chsb FdWmIpfw XriqÀ N§\mtÈcn hnImcnb¯pIfmbn]p\ : kwLSn¸n¨p. 1923 Unkw_À
21 \v ae_mÀ lbcmÀ¡nbpw AXncq]Xbpw taPÀ BÀ¡n F¸nkvt¡m¸ð ]Zhnbnte¡v DbÀ¯s¸«p.
1956 Pqembv 20 \v amÀ tPmk^v ]mtd¡m«nð AXncq]XbpsS AP]meI\mbn.1969 amÀ¨v
28 \v amÀ tPmk^v ]td¡m«nð IÀZn\mÄ ]Zhnbnte¡pbÀ¶p. tIcf¯nse BZys¯ IÀZn\mÄ
Bbncp¶p At±lw. 1985 tabv 18 \v amÀ BâWn ]Snbd aq¶mas¯ sat{Xmt¸men¯bmbn.
]n¶oSv IÀ±n\mfpw. \mephÀj¯n\ptijw kotdm ae_mÀ BÀ¡n F¸nkvtIm¸ð k`bpsS
taPÀBÀ¨v _nj¸pambn. ]Snbd Xncpta\n¡ptijw amÀ hÀ¡n hnXb¯nð taPÀ BÀ¨v
_nj¸mbn.
XoÀ°mS\ tI{µ§fpw Ncn{X kvamcI§fpw
sImïv k¼¶amWv AXncq]X. DZbwt]cqÀ, ssh¸n³ tIm« skan\mcn ]p¯³]ffn, aebmäqÀ
F¶n§s\ \nch[nbmWv Øe§fpw Øm]\§fpw. temI¯nse Gähpw henb skan\mcnIfnð
H¶mb Beph s]m´n^n¡ð skan\mcn, ]memcnh«s¯ ]mÌdð Hmdnbtâj³ skâÀ, F¶nh
AXncq]Xbnse {][m\ Øm]\§fmWv.
IÀ±n\mÄ amÀ tPmk^v ]mtd¡m«nð
1968 se aXkmaqlnI kÀtÆ Bbncp¶p amÀ
]mtd¡m«nensâ {]hÀ¯\§fpsS ASnØm\w. kÀtÆbnð \n¶v e`n¨ hnhc§Ä P\ PohnX¯nsâ
Zb\obØnXn shfns¸Sp¯p¶Xmbncp¶p . Cu ØnXn amänsbSp¡p¶Xn \mbnXr¡m¡cbnð
]mÀ¸nS kuIcyhpw \nch[nkzbw sXmgnð ]cnioe\ kuIcy§fpw kzbw sXmgnð klmb§fpw
Hcp¡n. Xr¡m¡c `mcXv amXm tImtfPv Ct±lw \nÀ½n¨XmWv. enkn Bip]{Xn , IpkpaKncn
am\koImtcmKy tI{µw, AicWcpsS Bebamb IcpWmebw, Ieqcnse sd\yqhð skâÀ,
Iem`h³ , F¶nh IÀ±n\mÄ amÀ tPmk^v ]mtd¡m«nensâ ZoÀLhojW¯nsâ ^eamWv. 1960
ð IfatÈcnbnð sXmgnemfnIÄ¡pthïn Hcp tlmÌð Bcw`n¨p. sXmgnemfnIsf ]cnioen¸n¡m³
tkmjyð C³Ìnäyq«pIfpw Bcw`n¨p. FdWmIpf¯v C¶pff 137 tkmjyð skâdpIfnð 106
F®w amÀ ]mtd¡m«nð Øm]n¨XmWv.
IÀ±n\mÄ amÀ BâWn ]Snbd
amÀ tPmk^v ]mtd¡m«nð Xncpta\nbpsS
Øm\ XymKs¯ XpSÀ¶v amÀ ]Snbdsb FdWmIpfw AXncq]XbpsS CSb\mbn amÀ¸m¸ \nban¨p.
1988 sabv 29 \v At±ls¯ IÀ±n\mÄ Øm\t¯¡v Ahtcm[n¨p. 1992 Unkw_À 16 \v
FdWmIpfw AXncq]X FdWmIpfwA¦amen taPÀ BÀ¡n F¸nkvt¡m¸ð k`bmbn DbÀ¯s¸«p.k`bpsS
BZytaPÀ BÀ¨v _nj¸mbn IÀ±n\mÄBâWn ]Snbdsb \nban¨p. Im¡\mSv At±lw Øm]n¨
Hcp {]IyXntbmK B{iaapïv. 1955 ð Du«n cq]XbpsS CSb\mbt¸mÄ Gähpw {]mbw
Ipdª sa{Xm³ F¶ _lpaXnAt±l¯n\v e`n¨p. PohnXmhkm\w hsc KmÔnb³ aqey§Ä DbÀ¯n¸nSn¨
hyànbmbncp¶p ]Snbd.
hcm¸pg AXncq]X
1886 sk]vXw_À H¶n\mWv hcm¸pg AXncq]X
Øm]nXamIp¶Xv. FdWmIpf¯n\v 8 IntemaoäÀ hS¡pamdnbpff Xpcp¯mWv hcm¸pg.
" Iq\³ Ipcnip kXy" s¯ XpSÀ¶v 1659 ð hcm¸pg BØm\ambn ae_mÀ hnImcnb¯v
cq]w sImïp. Nmïn I¯\mcmWv BZys¯ tIcfob sa{Xm³ tNcms\ñqsc CS{]`phmbncp¶p
cmaIpamcIbvaÄ \ðInb Øe¯v 1674 ð " hpkp]mXncn " tZhmebhpw skan\mcnbpw
\nÀ½n¨p. C¶pImWp¶ hcm¸pg tZhmebw 1923 ð ]WnXXmWv . FdWmIpfw henb \Kcambn
hfÀ¶tXmsS sa{Xmk\ aµncw \Kca[y¯nte¡p sImïp h¶p. A§s\ 1905 ð FdWmIpfw
\Kcw, hcm¸pg AXncq]XbpsS BØm\ambn. hnZym`ymk cwK¯pw BtcmKytaJebnepw
sIm¨n¡v henb kw`mh\IÄ \ðInb hyànbmbncp¶p BÀ¨v _nj¸v A«nt¸än. Ct±l¯nsâ
Ime¯mWv skâv Bð_À«vkv, skâv t]mÄkv F¶o tImtfPpIfpw eqÀ±v Bip]{Xnbpw
Øm]n¨Xv. 1934 Unkw_À 21 \mWv tUm tPmk^v A«nt¸än hcm¸pgbpsS 19þmaXv CSb\mbXv
.
ap¶qdpsImñw hcm¸pg \nb{´n¨ncp¶ IÀ½eo¯
anj\dnamÀ, aebmf `mj¡v \nch[n kw`mh\IÄ \ðInbn«pïv. `mjbnse BZys¯ hymIcW
{KÙhpw i_vZtImihpw hcm¸pgbnse anj\dnbmbncp¶ B©tem {^m³kokv (1700þ1712)ð
X¿mdm¡nbXmWv. tUm ensbm\mÀUv saemt\mbpsS Ime¯mWv " kXy\mZImlfw" Bcw`n¡p¶Xv.
]n¶oSv kXy\mZambn. AXnsâ ]n³XpSÀ¨bmbn Bcw`n¨XmWv tIcf ssSwkv. sXmgne[njvTnX
tImgvkpIfpsS {]m[m\yw a\Ênem¡nbmWv IfatÈcn enänð ^vfhÀ F©n\obdnwKv C³kvänäyq«v,
FdWmIpfw hnaemebw, ]\§mSv kvt\lmebw F¶nh Øm]n¨Xv. eqÀ±n\p]pdsa Xpcp¯n¸pds¯
,F. sP. Bip]{Xn, acSnse \nXyklmb amXm Bip]{Xn, A\mY aµnc§Ä, hy²kZ\§Ä
F¶nh BXpccwKt¯bpw kmaqlycwKt¯bqw tkh\§Ä FSp¯pImWn¡p¶p.]n³Kmanbmb tUm
tPmk^v tIf´dbpsS Ime¯v Bcw`n¨XmWv tIcfIm¯en¡v bq¯v aqhvsaâv.
sIm¨n cq]X.
1557 s^{_phcn \men\mWv sIm¨n cq]X
Øm]n¨Xv. t]mÄ \mema³ amÀ¸m¸bmWv Øm]I³. tKmhbpsS kam´c cq]X F¶ \ne¡mWv
sIm¨n cq]XbpsS ]ndhn. sUman\n¡³ k`mwKamb tZmw tPmÀPnbmkv sXaptZm BWv
{]Ya sa{Xm³. t^mÀ«psIm¨nbnse kmâm{Iqkv tZhmebw `{Zmk\ tZhmebambn amdn.
F¶mð U¨pImcpsS B{IaW¯nð " e´]Ån " HgnsI asäñmw \in¨p. 1838 ð sIm¨n cq]X
16mw {KntKmdnbkv amÀ]m¸ \nÀ¯em¡n. ]n¶oSv 1886 ð entbm ]Xnaq¶ma³ amÀ]m¸
t]mÀ¨pKð cmPmhv eqbokv {]Yasâ At]£ ]cnKWn¨mWv sIm¨n cq]X]p\Øm]n¨Xv.
1950 ð t]mÀ¨pKokv Kh¬saâpambpff IcmÀ d±m¡nbtXmsS hntZi `cWw Ahkm\n¨p.
sIm¨nbnse Ahkm\hntZin tUm tPmkv AðhÀWmkv Bbncp¶p. 1952 ð tUm AeIvkmïÀ
FtSg¯v sIm¨n cq]XbpsS sa{Xm\mbn A`njnà\mbn.
hniz{]kn²§fmb thfm¦®n _ken¡, \nch[n
tZhmeb§Ä, anj³tI{µ§Ä F¶nh sIm¨n cq]X Øm]n¨n«pïv. hS¡v ssh¸n³ apXð sX¡v
]q¦mhv hscbpw Ing¡v Acq¡pänapXð ]Snªmdv Ad_n¡Sð hscbpw BWv sIm¨n cq]X.
t^mÀ«vsIm¨nbmWv cq]XbpsS BØm\w. sUma\n¡ð k\ymkn tUm tPmÀPv sXaptZm apXð
tUm tPmk^v Ipco¯d hsc 33 sa{Xm³amÀ sIm¨n cq]X `cn¨p. tUm :tPm¬ X«p¦ð
2000 ð cq]XbpsS sa{Xm\mbn. tUm :tPmkn Iï\m«pXd cq]XbpsS AUvan\nkvt{Sädmbn
Øm\taäp. tKm^n¡v hmkvXp inev]IebpsS Ia\obXbpambn t^mÀ«psIm¨n kmâm{Iqkv
tZhmebw sIm¨n cq]XbpsS Ncn{X km£nbmWv. 1984 ð tPm¬t]mÄ cïma³ amÀ]m¸
_ken¡bmbn Cu tZhmebw DbÀ¯n.
sIm¨nbnse akvPnZpIÄ
sN¼n« ]ffn
\qämïpIfpsS Ncn{X]mc¼cyw sImïpw
{]mNo\ Ieminev] amXrI sImïpw tIcf¯nð Xs¶ Gähpw {]ikvXamb ]ffnIfnð H¶mWv
a«mt©cn sIm¨§mSnbnse sN¼n«]ffn. Ihc¯nbnð \n¶v F¯nb k¿nZv auem\ _pJmcnX§fmWv
lnPd hÀjw 926 ð Cu ]ffn C¶s¯ cq]¯nð \nÀ½n¨Xv. ]ffn]Wnbm\mhiyapff Øew
sIm¨ncmPmhv \ðInsb¶v Ncn{XwtcJs¸Sp¯p¶p. ]ffnbpsS {][m\lmfnsâ tað¡qcapgph³
HmSpt]mse ]mInbncn¡p¶Xv sN¼pXInSpIÄ sImïmWv. AXn\memWv " sN¼n« ]ffn"
F¶ t]Àh¶Xv. ]Ånbnð ]ucmWnI hmkvXpinev] IebpsS ASbmf§Ä \ne\nð¡p¶p. sIm¨n
cmPIpSpw_hpambn _Ôs¸« ss\\amcmWv XeapdIfmbn ]ffnbpsS ]cn]me\w \S¯nbncp¶X.v
C¶v CXv ]pcmhkvXp hIp¸v Ncn{XkvamcIambn {]Jym]n¨ncn¡p¶p.
Iðh¯n ]ffn
t^mÀ«vsIm¨nbnse Cu ]ffn Ncn{XkvamcIambn
\ne\nð¡p¶p. ]ucmWnI sIm¨nbpambn hmWnPy_Ô¯nteÀs¸« Ad_nIfpsS kw`mh\bmWv
Iðh¯n ]ffn. HgnªØew F¶ AÀ°apÅ "lðh¯v 'F¶ ]ZamWv Iðh¯nbmbn amdnbXv. ]t¯amcnbnð
h¶ Ad_nIÄ ISepw Imbepw kÔn¡p¶ `mK¯n\v kao]w Icbnð Hgnª Øe¯v \akvIcn¡m³
kuIcyw Isï¯nbXmWv Iðh¯n ]ffnbpsS DÛh¯n\p ]n¶nseIYsb¶v Ncn{Xw tcJs¸Sp¯p¶p.
A©v \qämïntesd ]g¡apÅ ]ffn GXmïv 130 hÀjw ap¼v ]c¸\§mSn¡mc³ I½p¡p«n
F¶bmfmWv C¶s¯coXnbnð ]p\cp²mcWw \S¯nbXv. {]aqJ kq^n hcròmcmb ]coXv Huenbbpw
a¡nX§fpw Cu ]ffn J_ÀØm\nemWv A´yhn{iaw sImffp¶X.v
a«mt©cnbnse kn\tKmKv
sImSp§ñqcnð Xt±iobcmb apÊo§fpw PqXòmcpw
X½nð DSseSp¯ kwLÀjamWv PqX³amsc sIm¨nbnð hmkapd¸n¡m³ t{]cn¸n¨Xv. sIm¨n
cmPmhv Ahsc kzoIcn¡pIbpw Bhiyapff Øehpw klmb§fpw \ðIpIbpw sNbvXp . blqZkapZmb¯nð
\n¶pff Hcp apJys\ " apXenbmÀ " F¶ Øm\t¸cp \ðIn BZcn¨p. ssk\nI Imcy§fnepw
\bX{´ _Ô§fnepw cmPmhnsâ apJy D]tZiIÀ PqXcmbncp¶p. A[nImcNnÓw F¶ \nebnð
apXenbmÀ¡v Hcp shÅn sI«nb ZWvUpw \ðInbncp¶p . BZys¯ apXenbmcmb tPmk^v
sehnbpsS aIsâIme¯mWv a«mt©cnbnse {]ikvXamb Cu ]Ån \nÀ½n¨Xv . a«mt©cnbnse
PqXs¯cphnð ]gb Hcp ivaim\apïv. FdWmIpfw skâv sXtckmkv tIm¬shânsâ ]n³`mKw
kwkvImc Øeambncp¶p. sIm¨nbnse "dq_n Um\ntbð' F¶ Hcp PqX h\nX FgpXnb
BZy{KÙamWv " dq_n Hm^v sIm¨n³'. tIcf¯nse BZys¯ ln{_pþ aebmfw A¨SntI{µw
Bcw`n¡p¶Xv 1877 ð tPmk^v Um\ntbð taml³ F¶ hnZym`ymk hnN£\mWv.
cmtP{µ ssaXm\w
sIm¨nbnse {]ikvXamb Hcp ssaXm\amWv
cmtP{µssaXm\w. Hcn¡ð CXv tkew auïmbncn¶p. Cw¥ïnse sslUv ]mÀ¡nsâ amXyIbnð
F. _n. tkew ChnsS hnhn[ hnjb§sfIpdn¨v kwkmcn¨ncp¶p. Cw¥ïnse sslUv ]mÀ¡nð
BÀ¡pwGXp hnjbs¯ Ipdn¨pw kwkmcn¡mw, Xmð]cyapffhÀ¡v tIÄ¡mw tIÄ¡mXncn¡mw.
F. _n. tke¯nsâ Ime¯v cmtP{µ ssaXm\w tIcf¯nsâ sslUv ]mÀ¡v Bbncp¶p.
CS¸ffn ]ffn
\qämïpIfpsS ]g¡apff CS¸ffn PpamakvPnZv
tIcf¯nse {]aqJ CÉmanI hnPvRm\ tI{µamWv. ae_mdnð t]mÀ¨pKokv B{IaWw iàambt¸mÄ
AhÀs¡Xnsc t]mcmSm³ sIm¨nbnse apÉow P\§sf Blzm\w sNbvX ssk\p±o³ aJvZpw
BWv Cu ]ffnbpsS Øm]I³. kmaqXncnbpw t]mÀ¨pKokpw X½nepff bp²¯nð CS¸ffn
cmPmhv kmaqXncnsb klmbn¨p. bp²¯nð \nch[n apÉo§Ä càkm£nIfmbn. ]ffnbpsS
sX¡v ]Snªmdv aqebnse Xdbnð ZoÀL NXpc¯nð Hcp ^eIw ]Xn¨ncn¡p¶Xv Hcp {][m\
apÉow tk\m\nbpsS kvacWbv¡mbn«mWv. CS¸ffn ]ffn C¶v {]aqJ CÉmanI hnPvRm\tI{µamWv.
CS¸ffn DkvXmZv F¶dnbs¸Sp¶ A_q_¡À auehnbmWv CS¸ffnsb Cu \nebnte¡v DbÀ¯nbXv.
kapZmb ssa{Xnbnð ap³]´nbnemWv tIcfob hmkvXp hnZybptSbpw t]Àjy³ ine]IebptSbpw
kaRvPkamb CS¸ffn ]ffn.
aäp]ffnIÄ
\Kc¯n\Is¯ ]ffnIfnð {]ikvXamb H¶mWv
X½\s¯ ]ffn. \Kc¯n\p ]pds¯ ]ffnIfnð {][m\s¸« H¶mWv Imªncaäw ]ffn. Imªncaäw
]ffn¡v 900 tesd hÀjs¯ ]g¡apïv. ChnSps¯ Nµ\¡pSw t\À¨ hfsc {]ikvXamWv.
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